Analysis Of Multidisciplinary Counter Intelligence Essay -- essays res

The United States today is becoming more and more dependant upon technological developments to gather intelligence. The â€Å"secret agents† of yesterday are very close to being obsolete. With technology becoming the prime source of intelligence gathering, there is an assumption that other countries are gathering intelligence in similar ways. The only way to combat intelligence gathering against the United States is to know what technological intelligence collection resources are being used for gathering information. This is the job of Multidisciplinary Counterintelligence (MDCI). How does the government know that lines are secure from signals intelligence of foreign adversaries? One of the main tasks of MDCI is the â€Å"communication line† of the American Government. Radio waves can easily be detected with the right equipment anywhere within the area, and even microwaves can be detected with a receiver in the right place. MDCI combats these problems with encryption for messages and secure lines for voice communication. The encryption process is found on the governments SIPRnet web, which is used for the transfer of classified information only. For voice communications, the government uses secured lines that will scramble communications into meaningless sounds or scratches. The only problem with these types of devices is that they cannot be located just anywhere and can be very expensive to maintain; furthermore, facilities must be able to support these classified mediums. With all o...

Chess vs Human

It is hard to distinguish between that that is better in chess Human or Artificial Intelligence. Some would say humans because of their critical thinking and throwing computer off guard. And others would say artificial intelligence like Deep Blue because of its capability to calculate upto 4,000,000 chess moves per second as compare to human chess player who could only calculate upto three moves in a second. But in my opinion I think human has the upper hand. Human plays better chess than Artificial Intelligence. We know that presently computers can only use the intelligence that is load in it.It is not capable of thinking anything else as human minds can do so. All the moves that computer make are based on the series of calculations and this all based on the positions of the pieces on the chessboard. A computer chess program like Deep Blue makes its move by using its evaluation function. The evaluation function is an algorithm that measures the chess position. Positions with positiv e values are good for ‘White’ and positions with negative values are good for ‘Black’ (IBM Research – Deep Blue – Overview).Here is where I think that human has the upper hand while playing chess with an artificial intelligence. Human chess players use their skills, judgment and previous experiences to decide about the moves they are going to make next (Connor, 1993). And artificial intelligence moves are based on its algorithms and so a human chess player can disturb its algorithms making an unusual move that artificial intelligence does not recognize. In 1996, Gary Kasparov beat Deep Blue by 4-2 in a â€Å"regulation-style match† held in Philadelphia.Although Gary Kasparov lost the opening game to Deep Blue but he came game back and won the game 2. â€Å"Gary Kasparov won in an interesting ending, though due to programming errors the computer in that game played without any opening database. Two draws followed. Kasparov's second win came in Game 5 after the IBM programmers refused a draw offer even though Deep Blue considered the position roughly equal. In this game, Deep Blue demonstrated its lack of understanding of the danger of a kingside pawn majority.In Game 6, Kasparov totally outplayed Deep Blue by gaining a ecisive space advantage and by avoiding any weaknesses. In this game, Kasparov trapped the computer's rook and bishop, in part because the IBM programmers had never properly adjusted a parameter that signals when bishops are trapped† (Lesson 4: Deep Blue vs. Kasparov). Here a human player skills, experience and critical thinking helped him to win the match against artificial intelligence. Also it also shows that artificial intelligence has flaws in its. And how can it not have flaws. Artificial intelligence is created by us ‘Humans’. And we are not the perfect being on this planet.So how could we create something that is better or at our level in every circumstance of the life? We could not. We tried cloning and we failed in it to. So how could we create an artificial intelligence that is by no means different from us? We are not God, so we could not create anything like what He has created. â€Å"Although Man has done a pretty good job in creating his own complexities here on Earth, they're still nowhere near what Nature has done on her own†(Artificial intelligence vs. Human intelligence). Furthermore, the human brain has the capacity to do anything.Its possibilities are endless, which is why the imagination is so powerful. And computers lack the traits of humans; they are tools for our use and are limited physically. Computer cannot do anything on its own. Series of arguments and methods are inserted in it in order to preform an action. â€Å"But humans have the capacity to store information indefinitely, seeing as how we cannot be rebooted or turned off/on†(Intelligence: Artificial vs. Human). Also â€Å"The human brain is the most complex part of the human body if not the most complex subject known to human kind.Although a computer may work on a complicated series of circuits and processors it is a relatively simple item to understand in comparison to the human brain. So many important functions of the brain is beyond our understanding and has un-quantifiable properties† (Artificial Intelligence). Thus a simple program, which uses artificial intelligence by no means, is capable of beating a complex human brain. Another important point is that Howard’s mentioned is that intelligence suddenly changed in the last 30 years, while several putative causal factors had been present since 1920, such as the fact that chess became a popular sport, many illions played.Also chess participation rate was very high, chess was taught in schools and factories, and was identified early and given special training, sizeable government salaries, and overseas travel. Howard’s reasoning is that if these factors, rather t han rising general intelligence, were the explanation for the decreasing age of younger chess top players after 1970 (Howard 1999). Its would not be reasonable to say that humans minds have no limits to its critical thinking but it has the power to make the correct decision while the artificial intelligence may not be capable of doing that.All the artificial intelligence has is memory and the programs that are in it to perform the action. It cannot think on its own. It works on the algorithms and as soon as it is disturbed, artificial intelligence gets confused and makes the wrong moves. But a human chess player if in the same situation can make the right move that is need using his critical thinking, which is why I think that human play better chess than artificial intelligence.

Formation of the Delian League in Ancient History

Several Ionian cities joined together in the Delian League  for mutual protection against the Persians. They placed Athens at the head (as hegemon) because of her naval supremacy. This free confederation (symmachia) of autonomous cities, founded in 478 B.C., consisted of representatives, an admiral, and treasurers appointed by Athens. It was called the Delian League because its treasury was located at  Delos. History Formed in 478 B.C., the Delian League was an alliance of mainly coastal and Aegean city-states against Persia at a time when Greece feared Persia might attack again. Its goal was to make Persia pay and to free the Greeks under Persian dominion. The league morphed into the Athenian Empire that opposed the Spartan allies in the Peloponnesian War. After the Persian Wars, which included Xerxes invasion by land at the Battle of Thermopylae (the setting for the graphic novel-based movie ), the various Hellenic poleis (city-states) divided into opposing sides ranged around Athens and Sparta, and fought the Peloponnesian War. This enervating war was a major turning point in Greek history since in the following century, the city-states were no longer strong enough to stand up to the Macedonians under Philip and his son Alexander the Great. These Macedonians adopted one of the aims of the Delian League: to make Persia pay. Strength is what the poleis had been seeking when they turned to Athens to form the Delian League. Mutual Protection Following Hellenic victory at the Battle of Salamis, during the Persian Wars, Ionian cities joined together in the Delian League for mutual protection. The league was meant to be offensive as well as defensive: to have the same friends and enemies (typical terms for an alliance formed for this dual purpose [Larsen]), with secession forbidden. The member poleis placed Athens at the head (hegemon) because of her naval supremacy. Many of the Greek cities were annoyed with the tyrannical behavior of the Spartan commander Pausanias, who had been leader of the Greeks during the Persian War. Thucydides Book 1.96 on the formation of the Delian League 96. When the Athenians had thus gotten the command by the confederates own accord for the hatred they bare to Pausanias, they then set down an order which cities should contribute money for this war against the barbarians, and which galleys. For they pretended to repair the injuries they had suffered by laying waste the territories of the king. [2] And then first came up amongst the Athenians the office of treasurers of Greece, who were receivers of the tribute, for so they called this money contributed. And the first tribute that was taxed came to four hundred and sixty talents. The treasury was at Delos, and their meetings were kept there in the temple. Members of the Delian League In The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War (1989), author-historian Donald Kagan says the members included about 20 members from the Greek islands, 36 Ionian city-states, 35 from the Hellespont, 24 from around Caria, and 33 from around Thrace, making it primarily an organization of the Aegean islands and coast. This free confederation (symmachia) of autonomous cities, consisted of representatives, an admiral, and financial officers/treasurers (hellenotamiai) appointed by Athens. It was called the Delian League because its treasury was located at Delos. An Athenian leader, Aristides, initially assessed the allies in the Delian League 460 talents, probably annually [Rhodes] (there is some question about the amount and people assessed [Larsen]), to be paid to the treasury, either in cash or warships (triremes). This assessment is referred to as phoros that which is brought or tribute. 23.5 Hence it was Aristeides who assessed the tributes of the allied states on the first occasion, two years after the naval battle of Salamis, in the archonship of Timosthenes, and who administered the oaths to the Ionians when they swore to have the same enemies and friends, ratifying their oaths by letting the lumps of iron sink to the bottom out at sea. — Aristotle Ath. Pol. 23.5 Athenian Supremacy For 10 years, the Delian League fought to rid Thrace and the Aegean of Persian strongholds and piracy. Athens, which continued to demand financial contributions or ships from its allies, even when fighting was no longer necessary, became more and more powerful as her allies became poorer and weaker. In 454, the treasury was moved to Athens. Animosity developed, but Athens would not permit the formerly free cities to secede. The enemies of Pericles were crying out how that the commonwealth of Athens had lost its reputation and was ill-spoken of abroad for removing the common treasure of the Greeks from the isle of Delos into their own custody; and how that their fairest excuse for so doing, namely, that they took it away for fear the barbarians should seize it, and on purpose to secure it in a safe place, this Pericles had made unavailable, and how that Greece cannot but resent it as an insufferable affront, and consider herself to be tyrannized over openly, when she sees the treasure, which was contributed by her upon a necessity for the war, wantonly lavished out by us upon our city, to gild her all over, and to adorn and set her forth, as it were some vain woman, hung round with precious stones and figures and temples, which cost a world of money. Pericles, on the other hand, informed the people, that they were in no way obliged to give any account of those moneys to their allies, so long as they maintained their defense, and kept off the barbarians from attacking them. — Plutarchs Life of Pericles The Peace of Callias, in 449, between Athens and Persia, put an end to the rationale for the Delian League, since there should have been peace, but Athens by then had a taste for power and the Persians started supporting the Spartans to Athens detriment [Flower]. End of the Delian League The Delian League was broken up when Sparta captured Athens in 404. This was a terrible time for many in Athens. The victors razed the great walls linking the city to her harbor city of Piraeus; Athens lose her colonies, and most of her navy, and then submitted to the reign of the Thirty Tyrants. An Athenian league was later revived in 378-7 to protect against Spartan aggression and survived until Philip II of Macedons victory at Chaeronea (in Boeotia, where Plutarch would later be born). Terms to Know hegemonia leadership.Hellenic Greek.Hellenotamiai treasurers, Athenian financial officers.Peloponnesian League modern term for the military alliance of the Lacedaemonians and their allies.symmachia a treaty where the signers agree to fight for one another. Sources Starr, Chester G. A History of the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 1991.Kagan, Donald. The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Cornell University Press, 2013.Holden, Hubert Ashton, Plutarchs Life of Perciles, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1895.Lewis, David Malcolm. The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 5: The Fifth Century BC., Boardman, John, Davies, J.K., Ostwald, M., Cambridge University Press, 1992.Larsen, J. A. O. â€Å"The Constitution and Original Purpose of the Delian League.† Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. 51, 1940, p. 175.Sabin, Philip, International Relations in Greece, the Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome, Hall, Jonathan M., Van Wees, Hans, Whitby, Michael, Cambridge University Press, 2007.Flower, Michael A. From Simonides to Isocrates: The Fifth-Century Origins of Fourth-Century Panhellenism, Classical Antiquity, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Apr. 2000), pp. 65-101.

Snake Oil Taraneh Fazeli, Critical Writing Fellow, Core...

In his review, Snake Oil: Taraneh Fazeli, Critical Writing Fellow, Core Program, Michael Bise trades his heart condition as currency to dismiss any other opinion or perspective on illness, more specifically Tareneh Fazeli’s. The review is a manipulative ploy masquerading as criticism. Bise’s experience with the industrial medical, pharmaceutical and insurance triangle are positioned as an expertise on chronic illness writ large, rather seen as a point of intersection, alliance or confluence with Fazeli, who also has a chronic illness. In combination with his recent review of MPA’s exhibition at the Contemporary Art Museum in Houston, Bise’s perspective belies a deep misogyny and a profound disdain for anything that hints at religion, mysticism, New Age, spiritual, or any alternatives to Western medicine, empirical methods, and so-called â€Å"reason and rationality.† Caught up in his own personal experiences, albeit both his experience of illness an d religion sound deeply traumatic, Bise misinterpreted and misses the point of Fazeli’s essay, in some cases arguing the same points! He makes this review personal by using her name in the title instead of the essay’s name and by glossing over the essay entirely save for five excerpted phrases, decontextualized from a larger network of thoughts, interspersed into a rampage through his own biography. First, Bise calls Fazeli’s statement that â€Å"one thing that unites disabled people with those in fluctuating states of debility is that

The Cyber Attacks Of Poseidon - 1992 Words

Abstract This paper will go over the malware known as PoSeidon, malicious code that is meant to steal both credit and debit card information by infecting point-of-sale (PoS) machines in various stores. This paper will also go over how the attack was performed and how the code affected the target devices. We will also take a look at possible ways that this kind of attack could have been prevented. Background PoSeidon is malware that is aimed at exploiting PoS machines to illegally obtain customers’ debit card and credit card information. The two biggest victims of PoSeidon have been Target, who was attacked in 2013 and lost information of up to 110 million customers (Alaimo, 2015), and Home Depot in 2014 that lost up to 56 million records (Krebs, 2014). This malware is a serious threat to every business that uses POS machines to conduct business. PoSeidon attacks a part of the POS machine that many people did not recognize was a potential vulnerability. According to Lucian Constantin, the PoSeidon malware used a method called â€Å"memory scraping†, which scanned the Random Access Memory (RAM) for credit and debit card information that was not encrypted. With the information sitting on the RAM of the PoS machine unencrypted, it was wide open to an attack that put millions of customers’ information at risk. Although RAM only stores the information for a limited amoun t of time until that space is needed for another task, the information can stay on the RAM long enough for the

Self Compacted Concrete free essay sample

SCC was developed to ensure adequate compaction through self- consolidation and facilitate placement of concrete in structures with congested einforcement and in restricted areas. SCC can be described as a high performance material which flows under its own weight without requiring vibrators to achieve consolidation by complete filling of the formworks even when access is hindered by narrow gaps between reinforcement bars [1]. The high flowability of SCC makes it possible to fill the formwork without vibration [2]. The constituent materials used for the production of SCC are the same as those for conventionally vibrated normal concrete except that SCC contains a lesser amount of aggregates and larger amount of powder (cement and filler particles smaller than 0. 25 mm) and special plasticizer to enhance flowability. Fly ash, glass filler, limestone powder, silica fume, etc. are used as the filler materials. High flowability and high segregation resistance of SCC are obtained by using: (i) a larger quantity of fine particles, i. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Compacted Concrete or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. limited aggregate content (coarse aggregate: 50% of the concrete volume and sand: 40%. Shrinkage and creep of the SCC mixtures have not been found to be greater than those of traditional vibrated concrete [9, 19, and 20]. Studies on durability characteristics of SCC, namely, water absorption, initial surface absorption, water permeability, and chloride permeability, have shown that SCC has either performed better or same as the normal concrete [9, 10, 21] Minerals Dhahran-31261, saudi Arabia Fax: 966-3-8602879 E-mail: [emailprotected] edu. Paper Received 25 June 2007; Revised 21 January 2008; Accepted 22 March 2008 October 2008 The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 33, Number 2B 437 In view of the fact that SCC has not yet made any inroad into Saudi Arabias construction industry, this study was undertaken with the aim to shed some informative data on SCC made from locally available aggregates. Most of the coarse aggregates available in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia are crushed tertiary age weaker dolomitic limestone. As the aggregates are porous, highly absorptive, relatively soft, and excessively dusty, they can be classified as marginal. The aeolian dune sands in the coastal areas form the main source of fine aggregate. These sands are essentially fine grained and have narrow grading with excessive dust. Nearly all the material passes No. 30 sieve and an appreciable portion, 10 to 20%, passes # 100 sieve. Both coarse and fine aggregates from local sources can be characterized as marginal, as their properties do not meet the standards of sound quality. This study explores the use of local marginal aggregates in producing SCC that has reasonable strength and no short-term durability implications. The findings of this study may ncourage further research and possible adoption of SCC in local construction. 2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 2. 1 . composition of Trial Mixes and Their properties For selecting a suitable mix using local marginal aggregates, trial mixes were considered by varying the mix parameters, such as quantity of filler and superplasticizer and fine aggregate/coarse aggregate ratio, while keeping the water/powder ratio constant. The specific gravity of Type I cement used was taken as 3. 15 as per the product information available from the manufacturer. The coarse aggregates used in this tudy were crushed limestone processed from the local quarries in Abu Hadriah, Saudi Arabia. The maximum aggregate size was 20 mm and the grading of coarse aggregates used corresponds to ASTM C 33 (size number 7) [22]. The average values of specific gravity and absorption of the coarse aggregate, determined in accordance with ASTM C 127 [23], were 2. 5 and 1. 5%, respectively. Local dune sand was used as fine aggregate. The specific gravity and absorption of the fine aggregate were typically 2. 6 and 0. 57%, respectively. A highly pulverized fly ash commercially known as [emailprotected] [24] was used as a filler. The specific gravity [emailprotected] [24] used in this study was 2. 15. Superplasticizer by the trade name of Structuro 220 was used. The specific gravity of the superplasticizer as given by the supplier is 1. 08 and the pH is 6. 5 with chloride content of less than 0. 1%. A high performance commercially available cohesion agent Structuro 420, specially designed to ensure a stabilizer.

Quitting Hip Hop free essay sample

Hip-Hop is about a woman named Michael Angela Davis who can no longer reconcile her love of a great rap beat with the derogatory Images of women pervasive in much of todays music and videos. This article address the Intended audience of parents and teens, It will Inform the negative Influence hip hop music videos has on society, and how she gets through the struggles of how she was a part of that Influence. I believe the audience Intended to read this article are listeners of hip hop such s parents and teens because she makes It clear In the article by stating this exact quote, Today Is my day, too.And danger with whats currently going on In hip-hop Is not as simple as a mere generation gap. Increasingly, the male-dominated Industry tends to view women as moneymakers (as In the kind you shake). She also points out she has a young daughter who is exposed to these images that hip-hop is displaying to all viewers. We will write a custom essay sample on Quitting Hip Hop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a parent, Michael wants to make sure she is aware of hat her daughter is listening to and that all parents should follow by example. The boarder context of the essay is to inform people how hip-hop is sending out the wrong message to the listeners.The producers of the hip-hop music videos show omen wearing skimpy cloths and dancing dirty on the hood of cars. Parents should always beware of what the music videos consist of that are available to be seen by only watching a music video of their favorite hip-hop song. Todays hip-hop music has been sold off to the greedy industry for a few buckets on ice and a stack of Cheese, Michael stated in her article. I think what she means by this that the ice is money and the stack of cheese is pitches and hoes.Her tone comes across as angry and mad but I believe she is Just more disappointed in what influences these videos have and young adults and how much it is impacting society without them even acknowledging it. Im sure she is hurt as Nell because she is giving up her passion for hip-hop to take a stand and be respected the right way. I admire Michaels courage to make a point and be a good role model for her daughter and young sisters out there! The article represents how hip-hop can affect our young society.